从Centos 7开始,系统管理命令默认使用systemctl命令。
1.旧版本service命令与systemctl命令对比
| service命令 | systemctl命令 | 说明 |
| service [服务] start | systemctl start [unit type] | 启动服务 |
| service [服务] stop | systemctl stop [unit type] | 停止服务 |
| service [服务] restart | systemctl restart [unit type] | 重启服务 |
注:systemctl命令特殊参数
- status:参数用来查看服务运行情况
- reload:重新加载更新后的配置文件(并不是所有服务都支持这个参数,如network.service)
示例:
#启动网络服务 systemctl start network.service
#停止网络服务 systemctl stop network.service
#重启网络服务 systemctl restart network.service
#查看网络服务状态 systemctl status network.serivce
2.旧版chkconfig命令与systemctl命令对比
| chkconfig命令 | systemctl命令 | 说明 |
| chkconfig [服务] on | systemctl enable [unit type] | 设置开机启动 |
| chkconfig [服务] off | systemctl disable [unit type] | 禁止开机启动 |
示例:
#停止firewalld服务 systemctl stop firewalld.service
#禁止firewalld服务开机启动 systemctl disable firewalld.service
#查看firewalld服务状态 systemctl status firewalldservice
#重新设置firewalld服务开机启动 systemctl enable firewalld.service
3.systemctl命令的特殊参数
| systemctl命令 | 说明 |
| systemctl is-active [unit type] | 查看服务是否在运行 |
| systemctl is-enable [unit type] | 查看服务是否设置开机启动 |
| systemctl mask [unit type] | 注销指定的服务 |
| systemctl unmask [unit type] | 取消注销指定的服务 |
示例:
#查看网络服务是否启动 systemctl is-active network.service
#检查网络服务是否设置为开机启动 systemctl is-enable network.service
#停止firewalld服务 systemctl stop firewalld.service
#注销firewalld服务 systemctl mask firewalld.service
#查看firewalld服务状态 systemctl status firewalld.service
#取消注销firewalld服务 systemctl unmask firewalld.service
4.系统运行级别
| init级别 | systemctl target |
| 0 | shutdown.target |
| 1 | emergency.target |
| 2 | rescure.target |
| 3 |
multi-user.target |
| 4 | 无 |
| 5 | graphical.target |
| 6 | 无 |
5.设置运行级别
命令格式:systemctl [command] [unit.target]
参数详解:
command:
- get-default :取得当前的target
- set-default :设置指定的target为默认的运行级别
- isolate :切换到指定的运行级别
- unit.target :为上表中列出的运行级别
示例:
|
systemctl命令 |
说明 |
| systemctl get-default | 获得当前的运行级别 |
| systemctl set-default multi-user.target | 设置默认的运行级别为mulit-user |
| systemctl isolate multi-user.target | 在不重启的情况下,切换到运行级别mulit-user下 |
| systemctl isolate graphical.target | 在不重启的情况下,切换到图形界面下 |
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